PMG2526 9/Raphael

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<font size=16>'''Zugriffsrechte in Netzwerken'''</font>




= Definition =
* Zugriffsrechte regeln, welche Personen oder Systeme Zugriff auf Dateien, Anwendungen oder Netzwerkressourcen haben.

* Ohne klar definierte Rechte könnte jeder Benutzer alles sehen, bearbeiten oder löschen.


= Warum sind Zugriffsrechte wichtig? =

#Schutz vor Datenverlust oder Manipulation
#Einhaltung gesetzlicher Vorgaben (DSGVO, ISO 27001)
#Verhindern unbefugten Zugriffs
#Kontrollierte und nachvollziehbare Ressourcennutzung
#Minimierung interner Sicherheitsrisiken


= Arten von Zugriffsrechten =

=== Schreiben (Write) ===

*Erlaubt das Ändern oder Erstellen von Daten.

*Datei bearbeiten oder hochladen.

=== Ausführen (Execute) ===

*Erlaubt das Starten von Anwendungen oder Skripten.

*Starten eines Programms.

=== Löschen (Delete) ===
*Erlaubt das Entfernen von Dateien.
*Löschen einer Datei im Netzwerk.

=== Vollzugriff (Full Control) ===
* Umfasst alle Rechte inkl. Verwaltung.
* Adminrechte.


= Modelle =

<h3> DAC – Discretionary Access Control</h3>
<p>Der Eigentümer einer Ressource bestimmt die Rechte.</p>
[[Bild:Raffi11_Download.jpg]]

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  DAC]

<h3> MAC – Mandatory Access Control</h3>
<p>Rechte werden durch Sicherheitsrichtlinien festgelegt.</p>
[[Bild:Raffi11_Images.jpg]]

[https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcT1Caa_A26ppfZAYqZyTLPoXnxA_Uuriw939A&s MAC]


<h3> RBAC – Role-Based Access Control</h3>
<p>Zugriff basiert auf Rollen wie Admin, Mitarbeiter usw.</p>
[[Bild:Raffi11_Download_(1).jpg]]

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 RBAC]


<h3> ABAC – Attribute-Based Access Control</h3>
<p>Zugriff basierend auf Attributen wie Abteilung oder Standort.</p>
[[Bild:Raffi11_Download_(2).jpg]]

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ABAC]


=Verwaltung=

#Active Directory (Windows Server)
#LDAP-basierte Systeme
#Filesystem ACLs (NTFS, EXT4 ACLs)
#Zentrale Identitäts- und Rechteverwaltung
#Zero-Trust-Sicherheitsarchitekturen

[[Bild:Raffi11_Images.png]]

[https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQJctig2WFomLo7mVJyeP6eThXw-daDi4-SqQ&s Was regeln Zugriffsrechte]


=Beispiele aus der Praxis=

==Unternehmensnetzwerk==

*Mitarbeiter → Lesen & Schreiben im Teamordner
*Teamleiter → Vollzugriff
*Admin → Vollzugriff auf alle Systeme

==Schulnetzwerk==

*Schüler → nur eigene Dateien
*Lehrer → Zugriff auf Klassenordner
*IT-Admin → Vollzugriff

=Quellen=

*[https://www.billomat.com/lexikon/z/zugriffsrecht/ https://www.billomat.com/lexikon/z/zugriffsrecht/]
*[https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zugriffsrecht https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zugriffsrecht]
*[https://www.studysmarter.de/schule/informatik/cybersicherheit-studium/zugriffsrechte https://www.studysmarter.de/schule/informatik/cybersicherheit-studium/zugriffsrechte]